Original Articles
Echocardiographic recovery after delayed revascularization: evaluating EF and GLS improvements | |
Dr. Jignesh Patel, Dr. Karthik Natarajan, Dr. Pratik Raval | |
Background: Delayed percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in non–ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) patients is often performed beyond 24 hours after the index event for various clinical reasons. Echocardiographic parameters, particularly Ejection Fraction (EF) and Global Longitudinal Strain (GLS), can provide valuable insights into left ventricular (LV) functional recovery. However, the extent of EF and GLS improvement in patients undergoing delayed revascularization remains unclear. Methods: This prospective observational study included 120 NSTEMI patients who underwent PCI more than 24 hours after the index event. Baseline demographic data, clinical characteristics, and risk factors were recorded. EF and GLS were assessed by two-dimensional echocardiography both pre- and post-revascularization. Data were analyzed using SPSS v21, with normality tested by Kolmogorov–Smirnov. Comparisons of pre- and post-PCI EF and GLS were done using Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated as appropriate. Results: Mean (SD) pre-PCI EF was 39.0% (9.8), increasing to 41.7% (8.96) post-PCI. Improvement in EF was significantly higher among those who underwent PCI earlier (24–48 hours post-event) compared to those who had PCI later (p<0.05). GLS scores also showed statistically significant improvement (p<0.05), with over 90% of patients who had low or very low GLS at baseline demonstrating substantial recovery post-PCI. Mortality was 4.17%, highlighting the relatively favorable outcomes with delayed revascularization in a carefully selected population. Conclusion: Delayed PCI (beyond 24 hours) in NSTEMI patients can still result in meaningful echocardiographic recovery, as evidenced by improvements in EF and GLS. Earlier delayed intervention (within 24–48 hours) was associated with better functional outcomes. Larger, multicenter studies are needed to refine the optimal “delayed” window for intervention based on echocardiographic recovery profiles. |
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