Low-Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) has emerged as a promising non-invasive modality for managing orofacial pain disorders by modulating inflammation, enhancing tissue repair, and promoting neural regeneration. This comprehensive review explores the classification, mechanisms, and therapeutic applications of LLLT in treating conditions such as trigeminal neuralgia, myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome, and temporomandibular joint disorders. The mechanism of LLLT follows the Arndt–Schulz principle, where optimal energy doses stimulate biological processes while excessive exposure diminishes efficacy. Clinical studies suggest that LLLT significantly reduces pain intensity and improves functional outcomes, with minimal adverse effects. By examining laser-tissue interactions and the evidence supporting its efficacy, this review highlights LLLT as an effective adjunct in pain management. However, further large-scale trials are required to standardize treatment protocols and optimize therapeutic outcomes.