Original Articles
Prevalence of Anal Fissure in Patients with Anorectal Disorders: A Cross-Sectional Study | |
Dr. Chandranshu Kumar, Dr. Ashok Kumar Singh | |
Background: Anal fissure is a common anorectal disorder characterized by a linear tear in the anoderm, typically located in the posterior midline of the anal canal. The study aimed to determine the prevalence of anal fissure among patients presenting with various anorectal disorders and to assess its demographic distribution, symptomatology, location, and chronicity in a single-centre setting.Material and Methods: This observational, cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital, enrolling 130 patients aged 18 years and older with anorectal complaints. Patients with a history of colorectal malignancies, previous anorectal surgeries, or inflammatory bowel disease were excluded. A structured questionnaire was used to collect demographic and clinical data. Digital rectal examination and anoscopy were performed for diagnosis, and anal fissures were classified based on chronicity and location. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23.0, with categorical variables expressed as percentages and statistical significance determined using chi-square tests.Results: Out of 130 patients, 72 (55.00%) were diagnosed with anal fissure, with a statistically significant prevalence (p = 0.0123). The highest occurrence was observed in the 18-30 years age group, followed by the 46-60 years group. Male patients were more commonly affected (58.97%) compared to females (41.03%) (p = 0.0289). Pain (40.87%) and bleeding per rectum (30.43%) were the predominant symptoms. Posterior midline fissures were the most frequent (70.43%) (p = 0.0198), and acute fissures (60.87%) were more common than chronic fissures (39.13%) (p = 0.0107).Conclusion: The study highlights a high prevalence of anal fissure among patients with anorectal disorders, with a higher occurrence in younger adults and males. Pain and bleeding per rectum were the most frequently reported symptoms, with posterior midline fissures being the most common type. The predominance of acute fissures suggests that many patients seek early medical attention. Timely diagnosis and appropriate management are crucial in preventing chronicity. |
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