Background: Surgical site infections (SSIs) are a major postoperative complication following gynecological surgeries, leading to increased morbidity and healthcare burden. Identifying risk factors and microbiological patterns can help improve infection prevention strategies. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted at ANMMCH, Gaya, Bihar, from August 2023 to December 2024, including 100 patients undergoing gynecological surgeries. Patient demographics, surgical details, risk factors, and microbiological analysis of SSIs were recorded and analyzed. Results: The overall SSI incidence was 18%. Significant risk factors included obesity (55.6%), diabetes mellitus (27.8%), prolonged surgical time (>90 min, 24.4%), and surgical drains (30.8%). Abdominal hysterectomy had the highest infection rate (23.8%), while laparoscopic procedures had the lowest (10.7%). Escherichia coli (40%) was the most common pathogen, followed by Staphylococcus aureus (26.7%). Conclusion: SSIs remain a significant concern in gynecological surgeries. Strict infection control measures, optimized preoperative management, and minimally invasive techniques can help reduce infection rates. Future studies should focus on larger populations and long-term outcomes.