Original Articles
Etiology, clinical profile and short-term outcome of acute kidney injury in pediatric population in a tertiary care hospital, KGH | |
Dadala Ratna Prabha, Chekuri Sri Sindhur | |
Introduction: Acute Kidney Injury substituted the term Acute Renal Failure as the term failure reflects only part of the spectrum of damage to the kidney that occurs clinically. In most cases of damage, the reduction in kidney function is submissive. Moreover, the term renal is less recognized by the general population making communication with patients and family more challenging, hence "kidney" has replaced "renal"2. Pediatric AKI can present with a spectrum of clinical features ranging from minimal elevation inserum creatinine to anuric kidney failure with severely diminished eGFR manifesting aselectrolyte and acid-base disturbances, from various causes, and occurs in different clinicalsettings8. Knowledge of the burden of AKI etiology, clinical profile, and outcome of AKI is essential for thenitiation of preventive and therapeutic strategies. Given the limited data available on theetiology, clinical profile, and outcomes of pediatric AKI from Indian children, and the regionalvariations in the clinical profile of AKI, the present observational prospective study was conducted. Material and Methods: A total of 54 children who fulfilled standard clinical criteria for acute kidney injury, their clinical parameters and outcomes were studied between March 2023 –February 2024. Results: In the study based on outcome, 1.9% progressed to Chronic Kidney Disease, 77.8% had Complete Recovery, 1.9% lost follow up and 18.5% died. Conclusions: 54 patients enrolled in the study. Frequency of AKI was more common among males(59.3%) than females (40.7%). The mean age of the study is 94.42 months with most patients between 60-120 months. Among the study population, oliguria(85.2%) was the most common presenting symptom, followed by edema and fever. The most common etiology was Acute glomerulonephritis 31.5% of which 76.5% were cases of infection-related glomerulonephritis. The most common histological finding in renal biopsy was infection-related glomerulonephritis with an exudative endocapillary proliferative pattern on light microscopy and granular IgG and C3 deposits on immunofluorescence. In the study, 69.7% required RRT, in which 3.7% of cases had hemodialysis, and 63% had peritoneal dialysis. There was no significant association between dialysis and outcome. Out of 54 patients in the study, 43 patients (79.6%) recovered and 11 patients (20.4%) expired. A total of 43 children of the survivors with AKI 77.8% had complete renal recovery 1.9% werediagnosed with chronic kidney disease and 1.9% lost followup at the end of 3 months. |
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