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Volume 14 Issue 2 (February) 2025

Original Articles

Etiopathological evaluation of epistaxis and management
Dr. Shobhit Gupta, Dr. Himanshu Kumar Singh, Dr. Prashant Jain, Dr. Mohd Amir

Background- Epistaxis is the medical term for internal bleeding from the nose or nasal cavity.There is concerning lack of knowledge about first-aid management for epistaxis in the general population. This study "Etiopathological Evaluation of Epistaxis and Its Management" aims to bridge these knowledge gaps and contribute to better management practices. Methods- This is a prospective cross sectional observational study carried out in the department of OTORHINOLARYNGNOLOGY, F.H Medical College and Hospital, Etmadpur, Agra. The required sample size for the present study was 167. All eligible patients, reporting to the department and meeting inclusion criteria were selected. Informed written consent from all the eligible patient was taken. Results- Epistaxis occurrences were most common at night (38.92%), followed by the evening (34.73%) and the morning (26.35%).Winter saw the highest incidence (41.92%), followed by summer (29.34%), autumn (16.17%), and spring (12.57%). 24.55% of patients had a history of hypertension (HTN), 5.99% were on medications with hemorrhagic risks, and 2.40% had experienced epistaxis within the last 6 months. Trauma (28.14%) was the leading cause, followed by cardiovascular-related issues such as hypertension and atherosclerosis (24.55%). Other causes included idiopathic (12.57%), inflammatory diseases (12.57%), and foreign bodies (8.38%).Most patients (89.22%) received nonsurgical treatments. Cauterization (52.69%) was the most common, followed by anterior nasal packing (26.34%). and observation with topical vasoconstrictors (6.59%).Surgical treatments (10.77%) included excision of bleeding mass (2.40%) and endoscopic SPA ligation (2.40%). Conclusion- The etiopathology of epistaxis is multifactorial, with a complex interaction between age, gender, environmental factors, and underlying medical conditions. Management strategies should be tailored to the specific cause and severity of bleeding, while preventive measures for known risk factors (such as trauma and hypertension) can help reduce recurrence. The study highlights that epistaxis is predominantly managed with non-invasive treatments, with surgical interventions reserved for more severe cases.

 
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