Background:Cardiac markers are biomolecules released into the bloodstream due to myocardial injury. These biomarkers play a critical role in diagnosing and managing cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), which remain a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The timely detection of cardiac markers aids in risk stratification, guiding treatment strategies, and improving patient outcomes.This systematic review explores the physiology of key cardiac markers, including troponins (cTnI, cTnT), creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), myoglobin, and emerging biomarkers like high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and microRNAs. We analyze their biochemical characteristics, release kinetics, specificity, and clinical applications. Additionally, the review highlights recent advancements in biomarker research, including high-sensitivity assays and multi-marker approaches, to enhance diagnostic accuracy. Material & Methods:Search Strategy: A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science using keywords: "cardiac markers," "troponins," "creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB)," "B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP)," and "myoglobin". Eligibility Criteria: Studies included were original research, clinical trials, and meta-analyses published in peer-reviewed journals from 2000-2024.Study Selection: Two independent reviewers screened abstracts and full texts. A third reviewer resolved disagreements.Data Extraction and Quality Assessment: Extracted data included study design, sample size, biomarker levels, and clinical outcomes. Quality assessment was conducted using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Results &Discussion:Following PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a comprehensive literature search to evaluate the physiological significance, diagnostic utility, and prognostic value of these biomarkers in conditions such as acute coronary syndrome (ACS), myocardial infarction (MI), and heart failure (HF). The review also discusses the integration of novel biomarkers in clinical practice, their limitations, and future research directions. Conclusion:Understanding the role of cardiac markers in disease mechanisms and management can significantly impact clinical decision-making, leading to improved patient care. The integration of traditional and novel biomarkers may pave the way for more precise and personalized approaches in cardiology.