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Volume 14 Issue 2 (February) 2025

Original Articles

Seroprevalence and Hematological Patterns of Dengue Fever with Special reference to Dengue serotyping during the period of Covid-19 pandemic in & around Ahmedabad region, Gujarat
Dr. Jigar Daivik, Dr. Disha A. Patel, Dr. Ajola Arzoo, Dr. Neeta Khandelwal, Dr. Shivani N. Joshi

Background and Aim: Dengue fever is an old disease, but in the past 25 years there has been a marked global emergence and re-emergence of it, with more frequent and larger epidemics with more severe disease experienced. Dengue has been known to exist in India for more than 200 years, over the past two decades, the disease's epidemiology has undergone a significant transformation, with larger and more frequent outbreaks being documented in both urban and rural areas. The goal of the current study is to determine the seroprevalence of dengue, to know the hematological parameters in dengue positive cases and to know circulating serotypes of dengue virus in our region during the period of Covid-19 pandemic. Material and Methods: This study was conducted at one of the tertiary health care centers in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India from January to December 2021. The study included the patients with dengue symptoms like fever, headache, myalgia, joint pain, bleeding etc. A total of 12247 samples from suspected dengue cases were processed. Out of 12247 samples, 7663 were analyzed by dengue NS1 antigen detection ELISA kit and 4584 by using NIV dengue IgM capture according to their duration of illness. From dengue negative samples, 445 (representative samples which were negative for dengue IgM antibody or NS1 antigen) were also tested for dengue IgG capture ELISA to know dengue IgG sero-prevalence. 108 dengue-positive samples were analyzed for dengue serotyping by molecular method. Results: Dengue virus seroprevalence is 9.77% in our study. Out of 1197 dengue cases, 860 (71.85%) were NS-1 positive and 337 (28.15%) were IgM positive. Cases peaked in October (30.08%). Study reveals dengue infection trends increases during and after rainfall. 38.03% of dengue positive cases having thrombocytopenia & 10.44% cases having raised hematocrit value are at risk of sever dengue fever. Most prevalent circulating serotype in our region is dengue virus type 2. Circulation of multiple serotypes and concurrent infections are also found in our region. Conclusion: Current pandemic of COVID-19 have no effect on dengue prevalence. Detection of hematological profile in dengue patients and dengue NS1 antigen test both are very helpful in early diagnosis of dengue infection moreover hematological profile acts as predictor in prognosis of disease and thus early treatment and effective control measures can be provided to population to prevent the catastrophic complications like DHF or DSS or death. Knowledge of circulating serotypes help us to know the current status of the serotypes in the region and can help in prediction of forthcoming outbreak.

 
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