Original Articles
Assessment of clinical spectrum and risk factors in young patients with acute myocardial infarction | |
Dr. Parvaiz Kadloor, Dr. Sayed Mohmmed Hussain Bangi, Dr. Ravi Kobal, Dr. Wasim Feroz Pattadakal | |
Background: Worldwide, cardiovascular disease continues to be a leading cause of negative outcomes in young adults, in contrast to its reduction in older age groups. As this demographic has not been extensively researched and possesses a distinct risk profile that includes fewer conventional cardiovascular risk factors relative to older populations, the present study aims to assess baseline and clinical characteristics, modifiable, non-modifiable risk factors, echocardiography findings, complications and in-hospital mortality in young adults diagnosed with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods: This prospective, observational single-centre study was conducted at a tertiary care centre in India between January 2008 and June 2009. The study included 50 young adult patients aged between 18-40 years diagnosed with AMI. Patients underwent comprehensive clinical evaluation, including physical examination, ECG monitoring, cardiac enzyme investigations, and 2D echocardiography. Results: The study revealed significant male predominance with 84% of the patients being male. The age group of 40-44 years old was most prevalent. Smoking was the most common social habit, affecting 77% of male patients. Chest pain was the primary clinical manifestation, often accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and sweating. Dyslipidaemia (44%) and family history of ischemic heart disease (IHD) (25%) were the most prominent risk factors. Anterior wall myocardial infarction (AWMI) (80%) followed by interior wall myocardial infarction (IWMI) (20%) were the most common site of infarction in our study. Thrombolysis was received by 68% of the patient population. In-hospital complications were observed in 18% of the patients, left ventricular failure (10%) being the most common complication followed by cardiogenic shock (4%) and atrioventricular block (4%) and in-hospital mortality was 6% in our study. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated remarkably low in-hospital complications and mortality, suggesting a potentially favorable prognosis for young adults experiencing AMI and highlighting the critical importance of early risk factor identification and comprehensive clinical management. |
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