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Volume 14 Issue 2 (February) 2025

Original Articles

Assessment of clinical spectrum and risk factors in young patients with acute myocardial infarction
Dr. Parvaiz Kadloor, Dr. Sayed Mohmmed Hussain Bangi, Dr. Ravi Kobal, Dr. Wasim Feroz Pattadakal

Background: Worldwide, cardiovascular disease continues to be a leading cause of negative outcomes in young adults, in contrast to its reduction in older age groups. As this demographic has not been extensively researched and possesses a distinct risk profile that includes fewer conventional cardiovascular risk factors relative to older populations, the present study aims to assess baseline and clinical characteristics, modifiable, non-modifiable risk factors, echocardiography findings, complications and in-hospital mortality in young adults diagnosed with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods: This prospective, observational single-centre study was conducted at a tertiary care centre in India between January 2008 and June 2009. The study included 50 young adult patients aged between 18-40 years diagnosed with AMI. Patients underwent comprehensive clinical evaluation, including physical examination, ECG monitoring, cardiac enzyme investigations, and 2D echocardiography. Results: The study revealed significant male predominance with 84% of the patients being male. The age group of 40-44 years old was most prevalent. Smoking was the most common social habit, affecting 77% of male patients. Chest pain was the primary clinical manifestation, often accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and sweating. Dyslipidaemia (44%) and family history of ischemic heart disease (IHD) (25%) were the most prominent risk factors. Anterior wall myocardial infarction (AWMI) (80%) followed by interior wall myocardial infarction (IWMI) (20%) were the most common site of infarction in our study. Thrombolysis was received by 68% of the patient population. In-hospital complications were observed in 18% of the patients, left ventricular failure (10%) being the most common complication followed by cardiogenic shock (4%) and atrioventricular block (4%) and in-hospital mortality was 6% in our study. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated remarkably low in-hospital complications and mortality, suggesting a potentially favorable prognosis for young adults experiencing AMI and highlighting the critical importance of early risk factor identification and comprehensive clinical management.

 
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