Background:Nephritic syndrome and Nephrotic syndrome are the major causes of morbidity in developing countries. Patients presenting with nephrotic syndrome / nephritic syndrome if not properly treated or even after appropriate treatment, may turn into chronic glomerulonephritis leading to end stage renal disease (ESRD).Aims and Objectives:To estimate the prevalence and the factors associated with nephrotic and nephritic syndromes and its types in patients admitted in the Nephrology Department of Government Thanjavur Medical College.Methods:This analytical prospective study was done among the patients diagnosed with Nephrotic or Nephritic syndromes admitted to the General Medicine and Nephrology Departments inpatient wards at Government Thanjavur Medical College and Hospital. The study was done from August 2022 to July 2023. Seventy participants were recruited based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. All the clinical, biochemical profile and biopsy data available were analysed. Result:Most patients are in the 21–30years of age group which indicates that nephrotic and nephritic syndrome patients are predominantly younger adults, with the highest incidence in their twenties. A significant portion of the patients (71.4%) had no comorbidities. Among those with comorbidities, systemic hypertension was the most common (22.9%), followed by type 2 diabetes mellitus (2.9%). Renal biopsy results showed a diverse range of pathologies, with minimal change disease (20%) and membranous nephropathy (18.5%) being the most prevalent. Other significant findings included MPGN (15.7%) and IgA nephropathy (14.3%). The mean SBP and DBP were significantly higher in nephritic syndrome patients than in nephrotic syndrome patients. Similarly, the mean serum creatinine and serum albumin were significantly higher in nephritic syndrome patients than in nephrotic syndrome patients indicating more severe renal impairment in nephritic syndrome. The severity of proteinuria was significantly greater in nephrotic syndrome patients, with higher proportions of 3+ and 4+ proteinuria. Haematuria was significantly more common in nephritic syndrome patients, with various forms (plenty of RBC, microscopic, and macroscopic). In contrast, nephrotic syndrome was associated with lower serum albumin and higher serum cholesterol. Conclusion:The prevalence of nephrotic syndrome is more prevalent in younger adults. Since nephritic syndrome is prevalent in age groups less than 20 years, it is recommended to monitor and screen for nephritic syndrome for patients presenting with symptoms.