Background: Advancements in prosthetic technology have significantly improved mobility, function, and quality of life for individuals with limb loss. However, the success of prosthetic rehabilitation depends not only on technological innovation but also on structured rehabilitation programs and patient adherence. This study evaluates the impact of modern prosthetic technologies on functional performance and patient satisfaction, with a focus on rehabilitation outcomes.Objective: To assess functional mobility improvements, patient-reported satisfaction, and the role of rehabilitation adherence in optimizing prosthetic use in a tertiary care setting. Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted over one year at a tertiary care centre, involving 64 prosthesis users. Functional performance was assessed using the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT), and Step Symmetry Index. Patient satisfaction was evaluated via the Prosthesis Evaluation Questionnaire (PEQ) and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for pain. ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation, and multiple regression models were applied for statistical analysis. Results: Functional mobility significantly improved post-rehabilitation (TUG: p < 0.01, 6MWT: p < 0.01). Higher rehabilitation adherence correlated with greater functional gains (r = 0.55, p < 0.01). Patient satisfaction was positively associated with mobility improvements (r = 0.42, p < 0.05), and pain levels decreased (VAS: p < 0.05). While bionic prosthetic users showed the highest functional gains, statistical analysis found no significant difference across prosthetic types (p = 0.616), emphasizing the pivotal role of rehabilitation over technology alone. Conclusion: Structured rehabilitation programs are critical for optimizing prosthetic function and user satisfaction. While bionic prostheses offer advantages, rehabilitation adherence is the strongest predictor of success. Future research should explore long-term outcomes, AI-driven prosthetic interfaces, and personalized rehabilitation strategies.