Background: Emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) represent a growing global health threat, driven by factors such as zoonotic transmission, environmental changes, and globalization. Understanding the pathological mechanisms of EIDs and the role of antiviral and antibiotic treatments is critical for mitigating public health risks.Objectives: This study aimed to investigate public knowledge, perceptions, and behavioral practices regarding EIDs and evaluate the perceived effectiveness of antiviral and antibiotic treatments. It also sought to identify barriers to treatment access and adherence.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 220 participants selected through stratified random sampling. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire covering demographics, knowledge, treatment perceptions, and behavioral practices. Results: Antiviral treatments were perceived as "highly effective" by 65% of participants, while antibiotics were rated similarly by 85%. However, 40% expressed concerns about drug resistance. Behavioral practices indicated that 30% of participants engaged in self-medication, particularly in rural areas. Challenges in accessing treatments, including affordability and availability, were reported by 40% of participants. Positive perceptions of vaccination were observed in 80% of participants, though 20% reported vaccine hesitancy.Conclusion: It is concluded that while awareness of EIDs is high, significant gaps in knowledge and behavioral practices persist, contributing to issues such as antimicrobial resistance and limited treatment adherence. Public health interventions focusing on education, improved healthcare access, and vaccination advocacy are essential.