Background: Surgical site infections (SSIs) are a significant cause of postoperative morbidity, disability, and healthcare costs. The incidence varies based on patient characteristics, type of surgery, and wound classification. This study aims to analyze SSI rates and contributing factors in emergency versus planned surgeries, including demographic variables, comorbidities, surgical duration, wound class, and microbial profiles. Method: A prospective study was conducted on 50 patients, divided equally into Emergency and Planned surgical groups. Data were collected on demographics, comorbidities, surgical types, wound classification, and microbial profiles. Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate SSI rates and associated risk factors, with comparisons between the two groups. Result: The Emergency Group exhibited higher SSI rates (32%) compared to the Planned Group (16%). Younger patients, males, and those with comorbidities like diabetes and anemia showed elevated risks. Emergency surgeries for conditions like peptic perforation and intestinal perforation peritonitis had the highest SSI rates. Dirty and contaminated wound classes in the Emergency Group demonstrated significantly higher infection rates (55.56% and 20%, respectively). Escherichia coli was the predominant organism in the Emergency Group (48%), while Staphylococcus aureus was more common in the Planned Group (48%). Antibiotic sensitivity revealed variability across pathogens, with amikacin and azithromycin being most effective against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively. Conclusion: This study highlights the heightened SSI risks in emergency surgeries, particularly for high-risk wound classes and prolonged durations. Enhanced preoperative care, tailored antibiotic regimens, and strategies to mitigate risks in emergency settings are essential to reduce SSI rates. Future research should explore gender-specific outcomes and interventions for high-risk groups.