Background: The length and quality of sleep are important factors in controlling immune system activity. A higher risk of infections and chronic illnesses has been linked to inadequate sleep. To learn more about how sleep affects health outcomes, this research looks at the connection between immune response and sleep patterns. Materials and methods: 150 adults between the ages of 20 and 50 who were chosen from a community health center participated in a cross-sectional research. For a week, actigraphy and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were used to measure the length and quality of sleep. White blood cell (WBC) count, C-reactive protein (CRP), and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels (IL-6 and TNF-α) were among the immunological indicators measured in blood samples. Multiple regression and Pearson correlation were used in the statistical analysis to look at the relationship between immune function and sleep characteristics. Results: CRP levels were considerably higher (mean ± SD: 5.8 ± 1.2 mg/L vs. 3.2 ± 0.9 mg/L, p < 0.001) and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels were higher (IL-6: 15.6 ± 4.1 pg/mL vs. 9.3 ± 2.7 pg/mL, p < 0.01) in participants with poor sleep quality (PSQI score >5) and shorter sleep periods (<6 hours). WBC count and sleep duration had a positive correlation (r = 0.42, p < 0.05), suggesting that those who get enough sleep had superior immunological responses. The results of regression analysis showed that shorter sleep duration and worse sleep quality independently predicted higher inflammatory markers (p < 0.01). Conclusion: The importance of sleep in preserving immunological homeostasis is shown by this research. Inadequate sleep length and poor quality were linked to immunological dysregulation and elevated inflammation, underscoring the significance of good sleep hygiene in reducing the risk of illness. In order to investigate causal links and underlying processes, more longitudinal research are necessary.