Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) isa worldwide health problem, affecting millions of people. Causes of chronic kidney disease include diabetes, high blood pressure, glomerulonephritis, polycystic kidney disease, lupus, and other forms of cardiovascular diseases. β2 microglobulin is a non-glycosylated single chain protein present in light chain of HLA-class I Antigen. It is synthesized in the body and excreted in the urine. When the glomeruli in the kidneys are damaged, they are unable to filter out β2microglobulin, so the level in the blood rises. Our study was aimed to assess and compare the status of β2microglobulin level in chronic kidney disease subjects and healthy controls. Materials and Methods: This was a case-control study, conducted on 220 CKD patients. Cases were selected from the Medicine OPD of Jawahar Lal Nehru Medical College and Associated Group of Hospitals, Ajmer. Age and sex-matched healthy controls (n = 100) were selected from the Medicine OPD. The study was approved by the Institutional Ethical Committee. All samples were collected under aseptic conditions from the antecubital vein. Results: The mean activity of serum β2microglobulin was significantly higher in CKD subjects as compared to healthy controls (p < 0.0001). Positive pearson correlation between serum creatinine and serum β2microglobulin was found (r=0.62). Conclusion: Serum β2microglobulin level was elevated in patients with CKD and this level progressively increased with increase in creatinine. Serum β2microglobulin can be used as a biomarker for the early detection of CKD in the general population to prevent the morbidity and mortality which are associated with CKD. If CKD is detected early and managed appropriately the deterioration in kidney functions can be slowed and the risk of cardiovascular diseases in renal patients can be reduced.