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Volume 13 Issue 12 (December) 2024

Original Articles

Intrauterine Fetal Death in Third Trimester of Pregnancy
Dr. Santoki Savankumar Jasmatbhai, Dr. Patel Akash Sureshbhai, Dr. Rathod Tushar Harjibhai, Dr. Dashadiya Pavan Jayantilal

Introduction: Intrauterine fetal death (IUFD) is a traumatic event for the pregnant woman, her family and even for the treating obstetrician. IUFD occur either before onset of labour (antepartum death) or during labour (intrapartum death) and this fetus when delivered is called a stillbirth (Safarzadeh et al, 2014). IUFD and stillbirth are used as a synonym nowadays.Stillbirth can be occurred by various causes like intrapartum complications, hypertension, diabetes, infection, congenital and genetic abnormalities, placental dysfunction, and pregnancy continuing beyond fourty weeks, etc. and in few cases there is no identified etiology. Aims and objectives: To evaluate the proportion of IUFD in our tertiary care hospital.To identify maternal demographic variables associated with IUFD.To identify risk factors and clinical presentation associated with intrauterine fetal death.To evaluate maternal outcome in cases of IUFD. Methodology: This is a retrospective observational study conducted in our tertiary care hospital. During this study period of 3 years (August 2020 to July 2023) there were a total 16,558 deliveries, which include 270 women with IUFD in third trimester of pregnancy. We studied about various factors like demographic variables, risk factors, clinical presentation and maternal outcome in IUFD. Results: IUFD proportion in this study was 16.3 per one thousand deliveries. Mean age of women with IUFD was 23.5 years. In this study, 60% women were multipara while 34% women were primigravida. Various risk factors associated with IUFD were identified, still no identifiable causes were found in 20% of cases. PIH was seen in 26% of cases. Spontaneous vaginal delivery occurred in 40% of cases while requirement of induced vaginal delivery and LSCS was found in 38% and 22% cases respectively. PPH (8%) and abnormal coagulation profile (13%) were amongst the complications seen with pregnancy with IUFD. Conclusion and clinical significance: IUFDis an unfortunate outcome of any pregnancy for the patient and for treating obstetrician. We can identify the risk factors and assign etiology in many cases of IUFD. PIH is one of the most common cause. Majority of these causes can be diagnosed early and can be managed properly by regular antenatal care, timely investigations and treatment of underlying causes. This can prevent the unfortunate and unwanted outcome in majority of cases.

 
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