Original Articles
Role of PD-L1 and AR in cases of malignant tumor of breast with clinico-histopathological correlation | |
Nazia Yaseen, Rani Bansal, Shubhangi Gupta, Anjali Khare | |
INTRODUCTION: Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer among women worldwide, with 1.7 million new cases annually and a high mortality rate, particularly in India. Risk factors include age, hormonal factors, obesity, and family history.BC is a heterogeneous disease with four subtypes based on estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and HER2 expression. Advances in molecular biology have improved treatment, but additional biomarkers are needed for better prognosis. Androgen receptor (AR) and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) are emerging markers, with PD-L1 aiding immune evasion in tumors and correlating with high-grade BC, especially in Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) cases. AIM AND OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate AR and PD-L1 expression in malignant breast tumors and correlate these markers with clinical and histopathological findings, focusing on NMBR grading and WHO classification. MATERIAL AND METHOD: This was a hospital-based, prospective cross-sectional study conducted over two years (February 2023 - August 2024) at Subharti Medical College, Meerut, with a sample of 60 cases. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to assess AR and PD-L1 expression, and findings were correlated with clinicopathological features. RESULTS: The study found an average patient age of 51 years, predominantly female cases (98.33%). Right-sided tumors were slightly more common (56.67%), with invasive ductal carcinoma being the most prevalent subtype (75%). Of 23 cases analyzed for molecular subtype, 43.48% were Luminal A, 4.35% Luminal B, 13.04% HER2 enriched, and 39.13% TNBC. PDL1 positivity was higher in TNBC (66.67%), and AR positivity was higher in Luminal A (80%). PD-L1 expression was positive in 30% and AR in 41.67% of cases, with both markers correlating with higher tumor grades, particularly in invasive ductal carcinoma. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The study concluded that PD-L1 and AR expression in breast cancers is associated with higher tumor grades and is most common in invasive ductal carcinoma. These markers show potential as |
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