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Volume 13 Issue 12 (December) 2024

Original Articles

Comparative analysis of Sabouraud’s Dextrose Agar (SDA) and Dermatophyte Test Medium (DTM) for the early diagnosis of dermatophytoses in a tertiary care center, Shivamogga
S. Sadiqa Begum, Rashmi G K, Jyothi.R H

Introduction: Dermatophyte fungi are a common cause of skin, nail and hair infections globally, ranging from mild to debilitating in nature. These are closely related keratinophilic fungi, capable to invade keratinized tissues of skin and appendages causing dermatophytoses, frequently named as tinea or ringworm infections. Overall prevalence of dermatophytoses is around 14%, ranging from mild to debilitating in nature. Aim: 1. Isolation and identification of dermatophytes from a clinically suspected cases of dermatophytoses by using SDA and DTM media.2. Comparison of two media for effective isolation and identification of dermatophytes. Materials & Methods: A 1 year cross-sectional study conducted at Subbaiah Institute of Medical Sciences from June 2022 to June 2023. All new cases of suspected dermatophytic infections with scaly annular lesions affecting skin, nail and hair were included in this study attending OPD at SUIMS hospital. All old cases with antifungal treatment and Patients having concomitant other skin infections were excluded from this study. Samples were collected after cleaning the affected surface with 70% alcohol. All samples were subjected to microscopic examination by using 10 -20% KOH for the presence of fungal elements. Further inoculated on Sabouraud’s Dextrose Agar (SDA) containing chloramphenicol (0.04 g/l) and cycloheximide (0.5 g/l), and on Dermatophyte Test Medium (DTM) with supplement to observe for the growth. Microscopy by LPCB tease mount and urease test performed for species identification. Results: Out of 163 clinically suspecteddermatophytoses,145 (88.9%) were culture positive. Among 145 culture positive patients, 99 (68.2%) were males and 46(31.7%) were females.Tineacorporis (58%) infection was found predominantly followed by Tineacruris (12%), Extensive dermatophytosis (6%).On comparing culture positivity and KOH microscopy,37 (22.6%) were culture positive and KOH negative and 4 (2.4%) samples out of 163 were KOH positive and culture negative. On comparing, the isolation of dermatophytes on SDA (88.9%) and DTM(95.8%), was statistically insignificant (P>0.05). Concluson: The positive identification of dermatophyte species allows a definitive diagnosis, correct treatment and prevention of possible source of infection. This study shows isolation of dermatophytes on both SDA and DTM were good but DTM showed early growth and easy interpretation was needed. Speciation was better with SDA compared to DTM.

 
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