Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the lipid profiles of patients diagnosed with atherosclerosis to those of healthy individuals to identify key lipid imbalances associated with cardiovascular risk and to assess their implications for prevention and management. Material and Methods: This comparative study included 100 participants, with 50 patients diagnosed with atherosclerosis and 50 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. The atherosclerosis group was diagnosed through coronary angiography, ultrasound imaging, or other established diagnostic methods. Participants were asked to fast for at least 12 hours before blood collection. Serum lipid profiles, including total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglycerides (TG), were measured using standard enzymatic methods with an automated biochemistry analyzer. Data were analyzed using Student’s t-test, with a p-value of less than 0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: The atherosclerosis group had significantly higher total cholesterol (245.7 ± 45.6 mg/dL), LDL-C (160.2 ± 39.4 mg/dL), and triglyceride levels (175.6 ± 42.2 mg/dL) compared to the healthy controls (193.4 ± 27.8 mg/dL, 119.6 ± 22.1 mg/dL, and 115.2 ± 28.5 mg/dL, respectively; p < 0.001 for all). The atherosclerosis group also exhibited significantly lower HDL-C levels (38.1 ± 10.4 mg/dL) compared to the healthy controls (56.8 ± 9.6 mg/dL; p < 0.001). Conclusion: This study demonstrates significant lipid profile differences between atherosclerosis patients and healthy individuals. Atherosclerosis patients had higher total cholesterol, LDL-C, and triglycerides, along with lower HDL-C levels, suggesting that lipid imbalances play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. These findings underscore the need for regular lipid monitoring and targeted interventions to manage atherosclerosis and improve cardiovascular health outcomes.