Abstract Issue

Volume 14 Issue 3 (March) 2025

Original Articles

Comparison of efficacy of premixed versus succedent administration of fentanyl and bupivacaine in subarachnoid block in lower limb surgeries: A prospective double blinded randomized interventional study
Ruchi,Savita Meena,Karan Juneja,Aastha Gaba,Aditya Rathee,Arpan Sonkar,Ajay Kumar

Aim and Objective: To evaluate the differences in level of sensory and motor block and incidence of hypotension whilst administering hyperbaric bupivacaine and fentanyl either in a single syringe or different syringes. Primary Objective:To determine the difference in mean time of onset of sensory and motor block in three different groups. Secondary Objective:To determine the difference in mean time of two segment regression of sensory level. To determine the difference in change in hemodynamic responses from baseline to different time interval in three groups. Methods:This Prospective, randomized, and double blinded, interventional study enrolled 90 patients of ASA grade I and II, of either sex aged 20-70, Body weight 40-70 kg undergoing lower limb surgeries like orthopedic procedures (lower limb fractures, implant removal) under Spinal Anaesthesia. The study was conducted in following three groups of patients. A total of 30 patients were included in each group (n=30/group). Control Group: Group A:Received premixed 0.5% heavy bupivacaine 2.5ml and 0.5 ml of fentanyl in a single 5.0 ml syringe. Group B:Received 0.5 ml of fentanyl in a 5.0 ml syringe followed by 0.5% heavy bupivacaine 2.5 ml in a 5.0 ml syringe. Group C:Received 0.5% heavy bupivacaine 2.5 ml in a 5.0 ml syringe followed by 0.5 ml fentanyl in a 5.0 ml syringe. Inclusion Criteria 1. The age group of 16-70 years. 2. ASA grade I or II. 3. Patients who were undergoing elective surgeries under general anaesthesia. Exclusion Criteria 1. Patients not willing to participate in the study. 2. Cases with sepsis, bacteremia, or skin infection of local site. 3. History of severe hypovolemia, anaemia and compromised renal, cardiac, or respiratory status. 4. Cases with raised intracranial tension 5. History of blood coagulopathies. 6. Patient allergic to drugs used for study. 7. Failure of spinal anaesthesia, cases in which general Anaesthesia will be required. Results A total of 90 patients were enrolled for the study. The Patients were divided into 3 groups of 30 each (Group A, Group B & Group C). The demographic data were comparable in terms of Age, Sex, Body Weight, type of surgery to ensure that there was no any confounding bias-  Age & Gender: No significant difference in mean age among Group A (45.17±10.23 years), Group B (45±12.27 years), and Group C (45.4±10.71 years) (p > 0.05).  ASA Grade: Most patients were ASA Grade II, with no significant difference in proportions.  Duration of Surgery: No significant difference among Group A (65.63±9.86 min), Group B (66.47±11.10 min), and Group C (63.27±10.69 min).  Vital Parameters: No significant differences in Heart Rate, SBP, DBP, MAP, and SpO2 at various time intervals.  Onset of Sensory Block: Group A (6.39±0.85 min) had a significantly longer onset time than Group B (4.61±0.95 min) and Group C (3.11±0.57 min) (p < 0.001).  Onset of Motor Block: Group A (7.15±1.15 min) had a significantly longer onset than Group B (5.50±1.08 min) and Group C (3.62±0.73 min) (p < 0.001).  Time to Two-Segment Regression: Group A (85.20±7.87 min) was significantly lower than Group B (92.73±7.95 min) and Group C (94.60±6.76 min) (p < 0.001). No significant difference between Group B and Group C.  Time for First Rescue Analgesia: No significant difference among Group A (55.17±5.10 min), Group B (57.17±5.28 min), and Group C (56.33±6.17 min). Complications Nausea was and vomiting reported to be the most common side effect in all three groups. The difference of proportion of nausea and vomiting in between groups was not statistically significant. Conclusion Using hyperbaric bupivacaine followed by fentanyl results in a rapid onset and prolonged duration of sensory and motor block. Nausea and vomiting were reported to be the most common side effect in all three groups and among all the groups, we did not observe any episodes of hypotension or bradycardia.

 
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