Abstract Issue

Volume 14 Issue 3 (March) 2025

Original Articles

Enhancing the Identification and Analysis of Bruises through the Application of Multispectral Imaging Techniques
Dr. Charak Sangwan, Dr. Puneet M. Awasthi, Dr. Mustaria Pankaj Kumar Shushil, Dr. Ashok Agnihotri

Background: The identification and imaging of sub-dermal hematomas, commonly known as bruises, are essential in instances of suspected physical abuse, as they enable the evaluation of testimonies given by both the victim and the alleged perpetrator. Modern methodologies primarily rely on visual inspection, frequently augmented by the use of alternative light sources (ALS). In an ideal scenario, alternative light sources (ALS) enhance visual contrast by exploiting variations in light absorption that arise due to the formation and clearance of chromophores within the bruise. In practical applications, however, the achievable contrast is often limited by light scattering; the short-wavelength segment of the spectrum, encompassing the majority of chromophore-specific absorption peaks, is also significantly affected by scattering from dermal tissue. As a result, this constraint limits the achievable penetration depths, thus obscuring deeper bruises. The process of bruise healing introduces additional complexity to the enhancement of contrast in Advanced Light Source (ALS) imaging. This is due to the fact that both diffusion and enzymatic activity alter the concentrations of chromophores, as well as their spatial distribution within the tissue. In order to address these substantial limitations, a multi-spectral camera, which possesses the capability to concurrently capture eight different wavelengths, is employed. This approach is coupled with observer-based scoring and a contrast-quantification algorithm to determine the most efficacious wavelength for the detection and characterization of bruises over time. Result: Our findings indicate that (i) the contrast of bruises exhibits a marked increase at wavelengths of 480 nm, 620 nm, and 850 nm, and (ii) the wavelength corresponding to the optimal contrast progressively transitions from 850 nm to a range between 578 nm and 480 nm as the bruise progresses through the healing process.

 
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