Abstract Issue

Volume 14 Issue 2 (February) 2025

Original Articles

To assess the efficacy of total conservative parotidectomy for management of benign parotid neoplasms
Dr. Apurva Agarwal, Dr. Santsevi Prasad, Dr. Sushant Kumar Sharma

Introduction: Salivary gland tumours contribute for about 3 - 10% of all neoplasms of the head and neck; from this, benign tumours are commoner than their malignant counterpart. The most common benign neoplasm of salivary glands is pleomorphic adenoma which constitute about 60 – 70% incidence in the general population. The overall incidence of salivary gland tumours is roughly remains unchanged throughout the world and there is no significant predilection for either sex. In the early 1940s, intracapsular enucleation was performed as the management for pleomorphic adenoma. Leaving the tumour capsule in-situ resulted with 45% of its recurrence. Patey and Thackray explained that the capsule of the tumour is often incomplete and therefore, a lumpectomy was suggested to be replaced by other procedures available. Extra capsular dissection removes 2–3 mm border of healthy tissues without damaging the facial nerve and partial superficial parotidectomy removes 2 cm of normal parotid tissue with partial facial nerve dissection. Furthermore, SP versus TCP carries the advantages of avoiding post-operative temporary facial nerve weakness and Frey’s syndrome. Hence, there is also evidence that 60% of parotid tumours lie in close contact with facial nerve and exposure of the tumour capsule remains a great concern. this retrospective study assesses the immediate and long-term results of Total Conservative Parotidectomy in patients with benign parotid neoplasms. Methodology: This study was conducted at our college hospital from the period of 2022 – 2024. All patients were screened for benign parotid neoplasms and were asked to sign the written informed consent for surgical intervention. We included all adult patients (> 18 years old) who underwent TCP for parotid neoplasms. Lesions in this study were limited to primary parotid tumours according to the 2017 World Health Organization classification.8 Tumours had to be benign as shown by fine- needle aspiration cytology and including the deep lobe of the parotid gland. All surgeries were performed by the study authors and only lesions that were pathologically confirmed were included. We also excluded patients with recurrent neoplasms or history of earlier operation on the affected parotid gland. The surgical procedure started off with intubation using general anaesthesia with short acting muscle relaxant. Patients were positioned with hyperextended head and their face pointing towards the opposite side. Corners of mouth and eyes were kept exposed for observing the facial movements. Modified Blaire’s incision was used to raise the skin flap superficial to parotid fascia and neck flap raised deep to platysma. All the facial nerve and its branches were identified followed, dissected and mobilised to remove the deep parotid tissue underneath. Autologous abdominal fat was then used to reconstruct the defect and a drain was left in place for at least 48 hrs after the surgery. Immediate post-operative facial nerve dysfunction, Frey’s syndrome, neuroma and keloid formation were looked as the primary outcome when total conservative parotidectomy was performed. 1–Year follow-up was needed to assess any further recurrence. All data were analysed statistical. Results: A total of 30 patients who met our inclusion criterion were included in the study which was carried out in the period of 2022 – 2024. There were 20 female patients (67.2%). Most patients developed neoplasms around 40 – 49 age group (8 patients, 38%) The most common site for the lesions involving the parotid is the parotid tail (15 patients, 5.4%) followed by body (10 patients, 33.3%) and lastly body & tail (5 patients, 14.3%). All the lesion sizes were ranging between 2–6 cms. Our patients included in the study series developed mostly pleomorphic adenoma (23 patients, 76.2%), warthin tumour (6 patients, 19%) and 4.8% (1 patient) developed oncocytoma as shown in table–1. Conclusion: TCP is an invaluable approach for removing parotid tumours. It usually avoids the difficult facial nerve dissection in case of recurrent tumours. Mastering this technique involves adequate training is needed with proper guidance. The rate of complications after this procedure is reported low provided that the technique was performed with meticulous care.

 
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