Background: The bicipital groove (BG) of the humerus serves as a passage for the long head of the biceps tendon, playing a crucial role in shoulder biomechanics. This study aims to analyze the detailed morphometry and morphology of the BG in the Eastern Indian population, focusing on its length, width, depth, trochlear angle, shape classification, and anatomical variations. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 dry adult human humeri of unknown age and sex were examined, collected from osteology laboratories in medical institutions in Eastern India. Specimens with fractures, deformities, or erosion were excluded. Various morphometric parameters, including length, width, depth, medial and lateral wall heights, and trochlear angle, were measured using a Verniercaliper and goniometer. Morphological variations such as groove shape, supratubercular ridge presence, and orientation were documented.Results: The study revealed significant variations in BG morphology. The groove exhibited a tapering width from proximal to distal ends, with a predominance of shallow grooves. Differences between right and left humeri were noted, although none reached statistical significance except for the trochlear angle. The supratubercular ridge was observed in a portion of specimens, suggesting its potential role in stabilizing the biceps tendon. The most common orientation of the groove was curved, which may influence tendon movement and susceptibility to entrapment.Conclusion: The findings of this study provide essential anatomical data on bicipital groove morphometry and morphology in the Eastern Indian population. Variations in groove shape, depth, and orientation may contribute to biceps tendon instability and shoulder dysfunctions. These results emphasize the importance of considering population-specific anatomical differences in diagnostic imaging, orthopedic surgery, and prosthetic design, improving clinical decision-making in shoulder pathology management.