Background: Ultrasound-guided peripheral nerve blocks (USG-PNB) have revolutionized regional anesthesia by enhancing precision and safety. This study aims to compare the efficacy of USG-PNB with conventional methods in terms of analgesic success, procedural time, and complications. Materials and Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted on 100 patients undergoing elective surgeries requiring regional anesthesia. Patients were divided into two groups: Group A (n=50) received USG-PNB, while Group B (n=50) underwent conventional nerve block techniques. The primary outcome measures included block success rate, onset time, duration of analgesia, and complication rates. Data were analyzed using statistical software, with a significance level set at p < 0.05. Results: Group A demonstrated a significantly higher block success rate (96% vs. 84%, p = 0.01) and shorter onset time (10 ± 2 minutes vs. 18 ± 3 minutes, p < 0.001) compared to Group B. The duration of analgesia was notably longer in Group A (8 ± 1 hours) than in Group B (6 ± 1 hours, p = 0.02). Additionally, complication rates were lower in Group A (4%) compared to Group B (12%, p = 0.03), indicating improved safety with ultrasound guidance. Conclusion: USG-PNB significantly outperforms conventional methods in terms of efficacy, onset time, duration of analgesia, and reduced complications. This technique should be considered the preferred approach for regional anesthesia to enhance patient outcomes and procedural safety.