Background: Kidney development in humans initiates around the 5th week of gestation and continues until the 36th week. Premature infants often have fewer nephrons, leading to compensatory hyperfiltration and potential kidney function impairments. Accurate reference ranges for neonatal kidney dimensions are crucial for diagnosing and managing renal disorders. This study evaluates the correlation between renal length, gestational age, neonatal weight, and length in Indian newborns, and examines the relationship between gestational age, serum creatinine, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Methods: The study was conducted among 150 newborns at Mahatma Gandhi Medical College, Jaipur, India. Inclusion criteria included gestational ages of 30-40 weeks, birth weights above 1.5 kg, and normal maternal serum creatinine levels. Newborns with congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract or those requiring NICU support were excluded. Cord blood samples were collected for serum creatinine analysis, and renal lengths were measured using ultrasonography on the second day of life. eGFR was calculated using the modified Schwartz formula. Data was analysed using correlation and regression analyses. Results: The study found significant positive correlations between renal length and gestational age (r=0.411), birth weight (r=0.507), and neonatal length (r=0.495). Simple linear regression revealed that gestational age, birth weight followed by neonatal length were the significant Predictor. Multiple regression analysis confirmed birth weight and neonatal length as significant predictors of renal length. Cord blood creatinine levels showed no significant correlation with gestational age, while eGFR correlated positively (r=0.216). Conclusion: Birth weight and neonatal length are reliable predictors of renal length in Indian neonates, while gestational age correlates better with eGFR than with serum creatinine.