Introduction: Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) represents a significant public health challenge globally, with increasing prevalence in many regions. This study investigates epidemiological trends in MDR-TB and explores the sociodemographic factors influencing its distribution. Objective: To analyze the prevalence of MDR-TB and assess the impact of sociodemographic factors on its occurrence in a cohort of 125 patients. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 125 patients diagnosed with MDR-TB. Sociodemographic data were collected, and factors such as age, gender, socioeconomic status, and comorbidities were analyzed in relation to MDR-TB prevalence. Results: The study found a higher prevalence of MDR-TB among younger adults, individuals from low socioeconomic backgrounds, and patients with previous tuberculosis treatment. Comorbidities such as HIV also correlated with increased MDR-TB risk. Conclusion: The findings highlight the need for targeted public health interventions addressing sociodemographic disparities to control the spread of MDR-TB.