Abstract Issue

Volume 8 Issue 1 (January-June) 2019

Original Articles

Clinical Profile and Outcomes of Children with Status Epilepticus in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit of a Tertiary Care Hospital
Raghupathi R, Kodhati Swami Rao, Dr. Sandhya Rani Atkuri, G Venkatesh

Aim: To evaluate the clinical profile, management strategies, and outcomes of children with status epilepticus (SE) admitted to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) of a tertiary care hospital. Material and Methods: This prospective, observational study included 100 children aged 1 month to 18 years with convulsive SE, admitted to the PICU. Data collected included demographics, seizure characteristics, laboratory parameters, comorbidities, management interventions, and outcomes. Management adhered to institutional protocols, with outcomes assessed at discharge and three months post-discharge. Results: The majority of children (40%) were aged 1 to <5 years, with a male predominance (55%). Generalized seizures were more common (70%) than focal seizures (30%). Febrile seizures (35%) and CNS infections (25%) were the leading etiologies. Laboratory abnormalities included hypocalcemia (15%) and hyponatremia (20%). Benzodiazepines were used in 90% of cases as first-line treatment, followed by phenytoin (45%) and levetiracetam (30%) as second-line agents. Seizures were terminated in 85% of cases, with a median PICU stay of 4 days. Mortality was 10%, and 20% of survivors developed new-onset neurological deficits. The Pediatric Cerebral Performance Category (PCPC) scores improved significantly over three months of follow-up. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that pediatric SE predominantly affects younger children and is frequently associated with febrile seizures and CNS infections. Early and appropriate management leads to favorable outcomes in most cases, but a subset experiences significant neurological sequelae, necessitating long-term follow-up and rehabilitation.

 
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